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For this segment, we will discuss the measurement of SpO2 and pulse rate, pulse oximetry accuracy standards, and the patient factors that can impact SpO2 and pulse rate accuracy. To help provide insight into this topic is John Gallagher, DNP, RN, CCNS, CCRN-K, TCRN, RRT, FCCM, Professor, Francis Payne Bolton...

The capnography waveform depicts the concentration of CO2 in the breath and has a generally uniform square-like morphology with consistent frequency. In this video, we look at what normal respiratory rates and waveforms look like for healthy patients. US-PM-2200560...

The gradient, an indicator of V/Q status, is the difference between the arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) and end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (etCO2) values. It is a result of the relationship between ventilation (V), or airflow to the alveoli, and perfusion (Q), or blood flow to the...

Traditional technologies such as colorimetric CO2 detectors, and mainstream and sidestream sampling lines have certain limitations that can contribute to inaccurate readings and can cause their use to be restricted with certain patient populations. US-PM-2200485...

Capnography monitors CO2 removal during breathing and provides a breath-by breath assessment of the patient’s ventilatory status. Although the numeric etCO2 value is important, the waveform is equally important. US-PM-2200483...
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